Difference between revisions of "Chroot Debian users"

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<span data-link_translate_fr_title="Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian"  data-link_translate_fr_url="Chrooter_ses_utilisateurs_Debian"></span>[[:fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]][[fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]]
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<span data-link_translate_fr_title="Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian"  data-link_translate_fr_url="Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian"></span>[[:fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]][[fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]]
<br />
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<span data-link_translate_en_title="Chroot Debian users"  data-link_translate_en_url="Chroot Debian users"></span>[[:en:Chroot Debian users]][[en:Chroot Debian users]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_es_title="Usuarios de Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_es_url="Usuarios de Debian chroot"></span>[[:es:Usuarios de Debian chroot]][[es:Usuarios de Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_pt_title="Usuários Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_pt_url="Usuários Debian chroot"></span>[[:pt:Usuários Debian chroot]][[pt:Usuários Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_it_title="Utenti Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_it_url="Utenti Debian chroot"></span>[[:it:Utenti Debian chroot]][[it:Utenti Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_nl_title="Chroot Debian gebruikers"  data-link_translate_nl_url="Chroot Debian gebruikers"></span>[[:nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers]][[nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_de_title="Debian-Chroot-Benutzer"  data-link_translate_de_url="Debian-Chroot-Benutzer"></span>[[:de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer]][[de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_zh_title="Chroot Debian 用户"  data-link_translate_zh_url="Chroot Debian 用户"></span>[[:zh:Chroot Debian 用户]][[zh:Chroot Debian 用户]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ar_title="مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار"  data-link_translate_ar_url="مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار"></span>[[:ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار]][[ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار]]
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<span data-link_translate_ja_title="Chroot Debian ユーザ"  data-link_translate_ja_url="Chroot Debian ユーザ"></span>[[:ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ]][[ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_pl_title="Użytkownicy Debiana chroot"  data-link_translate_pl_url="Użytkownicy Debiana chroot"></span>[[:pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot]][[pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ru_title="Пользователи Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_ru_url="Пользователи Debian chroot"></span>[[:ru:Пользователи Debian chroot]][[ru:Пользователи Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ro_title="Utilizatorii Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_ro_url="Utilizatorii Debian chroot"></span>[[:ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot]][[ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_he_title="משתמשי דביאן Chroot"  data-link_translate_he_url="משתמשי דביאן Chroot"></span>[[:he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot]][[he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot]]
 +
<br />This article has been created by an automatic translation software. You can view the article source [[:fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian|here]].<br /><span data-translate="fr"></span><br />
 +
<span data-link_translate_fr_title="Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian"  data-link_translate_fr_url="Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian"></span>[[:fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]][[fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_he_title="משתמשי דביאן Chroot"  data-link_translate_he_url="%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99+%D7%93%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F+Chroot"></span>[[:he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot]][[he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ru_title="Пользователи Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_ru_url="%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8+Debian+chroot"></span>[[:ru:Пользователи Debian chroot]][[ru:Пользователи Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ja_title="Chroot Debian ユーザ"  data-link_translate_ja_url="Chroot+Debian+%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6"></span>[[:ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ]][[ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ar_title="مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار"  data-link_translate_ar_url="%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1"></span>[[:ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار]][[ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_zh_title="Chroot Debian 用户"  data-link_translate_zh_url="Chroot+Debian+%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7"></span>[[:zh:Chroot Debian 用户]][[zh:Chroot Debian 用户]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_ro_title="Utilizatorii Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_ro_url="Utilizatorii+Debian+chroot"></span>[[:ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot]][[ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_pl_title="Użytkownicy Debiana chroot"  data-link_translate_pl_url="U%C5%BCytkownicy+Debiana+chroot"></span>[[:pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot]][[pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_de_title="Debian-Chroot-Benutzer"  data-link_translate_de_url="Debian-Chroot-Benutzer"></span>[[:de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer]][[de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_nl_title="Chroot Debian gebruikers"  data-link_translate_nl_url="Chroot+Debian+gebruikers"></span>[[:nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers]][[nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_it_title="Utenti Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_it_url="Utenti+Debian+chroot"></span>[[:it:Utenti Debian chroot]][[it:Utenti Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_pt_title="Usuários Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_pt_url="Usu%C3%A1rios+Debian+chroot"></span>[[:pt:Usuários Debian chroot]][[pt:Usuários Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_es_title="Usuarios de Debian chroot"  data-link_translate_es_url="Usuarios+de+Debian+chroot"></span>[[:es:Usuarios de Debian chroot]][[es:Usuarios de Debian chroot]]
 +
<span data-link_translate_en_title="Chroot Debian users"  data-link_translate_en_url="Chroot+Debian+users"></span>[[:en:Chroot Debian users]][[en:Chroot Debian users]]
  
This article has been created by an automatic translation software. You can view the article source [[:fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian|here]].<br /><span data-translate="fr"></span>
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{{#seo:
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|title=Chroot Debian users
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|title_mode=append
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|keywords=these,are,your,keywords
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|description=Discover in this article how to chroot Debian users
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|image=Uploaded_file.png
 +
|image_alt=Wiki Logo
 +
}}
  
 
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
It may be useful to  '''chroot ''' its users to limit their freedom of movement within its system. <br>
+
Il peut être utile de '''chrooter''' ses utilisateurs afin de limiter leur liberté de mouvements au sein de son système.<br>
<div style="background-color: #FF9999;"> '''Warning ''': Before making any changes to your system always plan a backup of your files in the event of improper handling. <br>
+
<div style="background-color: #FF9999;"> '''Avertissement''': Avant toute modification de votre système prévoyez toujours une {{Template:Sauvegarde}} de vos fichiers en cas de mauvaise manipulation.<br>
On a production server, be sure to perform these operations during off-peak hours to minimize the impact of your actions. </div>
+
Sur un {{Template:Serveur}} de production, pensez à effectuer ces opérations pendant les heures creuses afin de minimiser l'impact de vos actions.</div>
==Prerequisi==
+
==Prerequisites==
One of the prerequisite essential is to preserve its system as up-to-date as possible<br>
+
One of the prerequisites essential is to keep its system as up-to-date as possible.<br>
 
<pre> apt-get update
 
<pre> apt-get update
 
  apt-get upgrade </pre>
 
  apt-get upgrade </pre>
Keeping your Debian system up-to-date, make sure you have a list of the official repositories. You can find a list of the available at Ikoula repositories and installation instructions [[:fr:Quelles_sont_les_sources_des_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts_debian_chez_Ikoula| at this address]].
+
In order to keep your system up-to-date, make sure you have a list of the official repositories. You can find a list of the repositories available at Ikoula and installation instructions.[Quelles_sont_les_sources_des_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts_debian_chez_Ikoula| à cette adresse]].
==Implementati==
+
==Implementation==
===Create the chroot ===
+
===Create the chroot===
One of the ways to implement a prison is to create a group whose all imprisoned users depend on.
+
One of the ways to set up a prison is to create a group that all imprisoned users depend on.
;Create Group  
+
;Create the Group
 
<pre> groupadd chrootgrp </pre>
 
<pre> groupadd chrootgrp </pre>
;Create our new user  
+
;Create our new user
 
<pre> adduser -g chrootgrp notre_utilisateur </pre>
 
<pre> adduser -g chrootgrp notre_utilisateur </pre>
===Create the directories===
+
===Create directories===
We must now implement the home directories of our prison '''chroot''' to simulate the presence of the root directory  /
+
Nous devons maintenant mettre en place les répertoires de base de notre prison '''chroot''' afin de simuler la présence du répertoire racine /
; Create all directories  
+
; Create all directories
 
<pre> # la syntaxe { } nous permet de définir un répertoire et plusieurs sous-répertoires en une commande
 
<pre> # la syntaxe { } nous permet de définir un répertoire et plusieurs sous-répertoires en une commande
 
  mkdir -p /var/jail/{dev,etc,lib,usr,bin}
 
  mkdir -p /var/jail/{dev,etc,lib,usr,bin}
 
  mkdir -p /var/jail/usr/bin</pre>
 
  mkdir -p /var/jail/usr/bin</pre>
;Assign permissions to the directories create in order to change the owner by  ''root''
+
;Assigner les permissions aux répertoires créer afin de changer le propriétaire par ''root''
 
<pre> chown root.root /var/jail </pre>
 
<pre> chown root.root /var/jail </pre>
;Also create the file ''/dev/null''
+
;Also create the file ''/dev/null''
 
<pre> mknod -m 666 /var/jail/dev/null c 1 3 </pre>
 
<pre> mknod -m 666 /var/jail/dev/null c 1 3 </pre>
===Configuration files /etc/===
+
===Configuration files /etc/===
The configuration file ''/etc/'' requires some vital files to work correctly, so let's copy them to our prison.
+
The configuration file ''/etc/'' requires a few vital files in order to work properly, so we will copy them to our prison.
;Copy configuration files to prison  
+
;Copy configuration files to the prison
 
<pre> # Se déplacer dans le dossier /etc/ de la prison
 
<pre> # Se déplacer dans le dossier /etc/ de la prison
 
  cd /var/jail/etc
 
  cd /var/jail/etc
Line 41: Line 75:
 
  cp /etc/hosts .
 
  cp /etc/hosts .
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
===Determine the commands ===
+
===Determine the available commands===
We must now determine the commands that will be accessible to our user, for example the command ls, cat, and bash.
+
We must now determine the commands that will be available to our user, for example the command ls, cat, and bash.
;For this, we must copy the executables to our prison  
+
;We need to copy the executables to our prison
 
<pre> # Se déplacer dans le dossier /usr/bin de la prison
 
<pre> # Se déplacer dans le dossier /usr/bin de la prison
 
  cd /var/jail/usr/bin
 
  cd /var/jail/usr/bin
Line 51: Line 85:
 
  cp /usr/bin/bash .
 
  cp /usr/bin/bash .
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
;Don't forget to add the shared libraries for executables  
+
;Don't forget to add libraries shared for executables
 
<pre> # on cherche les bibliothèques de ls grâce à la commande ldd
 
<pre> # on cherche les bibliothèques de ls grâce à la commande ldd
 
  ldd /bin/ls
 
  ldd /bin/ls
Line 63: Line 97:
 
     libattr.so.1 => /lib/libattr.so.1 (0xb7db2000)
 
     libattr.so.1 => /lib/libattr.so.1 (0xb7db2000)
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
===Configure the SSH servic===
+
===Configure the SSH service===
Now that our prison is in place we must configure the SSH service to redirect our user group  '''chroote''' to its new location secured.
+
Maintenant que notre prison est en place nous devons configurer le service SSH de façon à rediriger notre utilisateur appartenant au groupe '''chrooté''' vers son nouvel emplacement sécurisé.
;Edit the ssh configuration file  
+
;Edit the ssh configuration file
 
<pre> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config </pre>
 
<pre> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config </pre>
;Add the following content at the end of fil
+
;Add the following content at the end of file
 
<pre> # Ajout du groupe chroot
 
<pre> # Ajout du groupe chroot
 
  Match group chrootgrp
 
  Match group chrootgrp
Line 74: Line 108:
 
           AllowTcpForwarding no
 
           AllowTcpForwarding no
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
;Restart the ssh service  
+
;Restart the ssh service
 
<pre> /etc/init.d/ssh restart </pre>
 
<pre> /etc/init.d/ssh restart </pre>
This configuration also disables the redirection X 11 and redirection of TCP ports. In some cases, including the establishment of a secure tunnel, it may be necessary to review the configuration and remove this prohibition.
+
This configuration also disables the redirection X11 and the TCP port forwarding. In some cases, including the implementation of a secure tunnel, it may be necessary to review the configuration and remove the ban.
===Option: Change the prompt===
+
===Option: Change the command prompt===
This step is optional, if you test the connection to your prison you from out a prompt similar to this :
+
This step is optional, if you test the connection to your prison you have the notice a prompt similar to this:
 
<pre> bash-2-5$ </pre>
 
<pre> bash-2-5$ </pre>
 
If you want to use a prompt less general simply to perform the following procedure:
 
If you want to use a prompt less general simply to perform the following procedure:
Line 90: Line 124:
 
[[Category:Dedicated_server]]
 
[[Category:Dedicated_server]]
 
[[Category:Linux]]
 
[[Category:Linux]]
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<comments />
 
<comments />

Latest revision as of 17:13, 24 September 2021

fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian en:Chroot Debian users es:Usuarios de Debian chroot pt:Usuários Debian chroot it:Utenti Debian chroot nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer zh:Chroot Debian 用户 ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot ru:Пользователи Debian chroot ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot
This article has been created by an automatic translation software. You can view the article source here.

fr:Chrooter ses utilisateurs Debian he:משתמשי דביאן Chroot ru:Пользователи Debian chroot ja:Chroot Debian ユーザ ar:مستخدمي ديبيان استجذار zh:Chroot Debian 用户 ro:Utilizatorii Debian chroot pl:Użytkownicy Debiana chroot de:Debian-Chroot-Benutzer nl:Chroot Debian gebruikers it:Utenti Debian chroot pt:Usuários Debian chroot es:Usuarios de Debian chroot en:Chroot Debian users

Introduction

Il peut être utile de chrooter ses utilisateurs afin de limiter leur liberté de mouvements au sein de son système.

Avertissement: Avant toute modification de votre système prévoyez toujours une backup de vos fichiers en cas de mauvaise manipulation.
Sur un Server de production, pensez à effectuer ces opérations pendant les heures creuses afin de minimiser l'impact de vos actions.

Prerequisites

One of the prerequisites essential is to keep its system as up-to-date as possible.

 apt-get update
 apt-get upgrade 

In order to keep your system up-to-date, make sure you have a list of the official repositories. You can find a list of the repositories available at Ikoula and installation instructions.[Quelles_sont_les_sources_des_d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts_debian_chez_Ikoula| à cette adresse]].

Implementation

Create the chroot

One of the ways to set up a prison is to create a group that all imprisoned users depend on.

Create the Group
 groupadd chrootgrp 
Create our new user
 adduser -g chrootgrp notre_utilisateur 

Create directories

Nous devons maintenant mettre en place les répertoires de base de notre prison chroot afin de simuler la présence du répertoire racine /

Create all directories
 # la syntaxe { } nous permet de définir un répertoire et plusieurs sous-répertoires en une commande
 mkdir -p /var/jail/{dev,etc,lib,usr,bin}
 mkdir -p /var/jail/usr/bin
Assigner les permissions aux répertoires créer afin de changer le propriétaire par root
 chown root.root /var/jail 
Also create the file /dev/null
 mknod -m 666 /var/jail/dev/null c 1 3 

Configuration files /etc/

The configuration file /etc/ requires a few vital files in order to work properly, so we will copy them to our prison.

Copy configuration files to the prison
 # Se déplacer dans le dossier /etc/ de la prison
 cd /var/jail/etc
 # Copier les fichiers de configuration vers le répertoire courant . (/var/jail/etc/)
 cp /etc/ld.so.cache .
 cp /etc/ld.so.conf .
 cp /etc/nsswitch.conf .
 cp /etc/hosts .

Determine the available commands

We must now determine the commands that will be available to our user, for example the command ls, cat, and bash.

We need to copy the executables to our prison
 # Se déplacer dans le dossier /usr/bin de la prison
 cd /var/jail/usr/bin
 # Copier les exécutables souhaités vers le répertoire courant (/var/jail/usr/bin)
 cp /usr/bin/ls .
 cp /usr/bin/cat .
 cp /usr/bin/bash .
Don't forget to add libraries shared for executables
 # on cherche les bibliothèques de ls grâce à la commande ldd
 ldd /bin/ls
 # La commande retourne un résultat similaire:
    linux-gate.so.1 =>    (0xb7f2b000)
    librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0xb7f1d000)
    libacl.so.1 => /lib/libacl.so.1 (0xb7f16000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0xb7dcf000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0xb7db7000)
    /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7f2c000)
    libattr.so.1 => /lib/libattr.so.1 (0xb7db2000)

Configure the SSH service

Maintenant que notre prison est en place nous devons configurer le service SSH de façon à rediriger notre utilisateur appartenant au groupe chrooté vers son nouvel emplacement sécurisé.

Edit the ssh configuration file
 vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
Add the following content at the end of file
 # Ajout du groupe chroot
 Match group chrootgrp
          ChrootDirectory /var/jail/
          X11Forwarding no
          AllowTcpForwarding no
Restart the ssh service
 /etc/init.d/ssh restart 

This configuration also disables the redirection X11 and the TCP port forwarding. In some cases, including the implementation of a secure tunnel, it may be necessary to review the configuration and remove the ban.

Option: Change the command prompt

This step is optional, if you test the connection to your prison you have the notice a prompt similar to this:

 bash-2-5$ 

If you want to use a prompt less general simply to perform the following procedure:

 # copier le contenu de /etc/skel vers /var/jail/home/votre_utilisateur
 cp /etc/skel/* /var/jail/home/notre_utilisateur/

 # Vous avez à présent quelque chose comme ceci
 notre_utilisateur:->



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